http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262957%28v=office.12%29.aspx

指针：

#pragma once#include 
     
      int main(void){
    int stopFlag = 0; int a;    int *aPtr;    a = 7;    aPtr = &a;    printf("The address of a is %p\nThe value of aPtr is %p", &a, aPtr);    printf("\nThe value of a is %d\nThe value of *aPtr is %d", a, *aPtr);    printf("\n\nShowing that * and & are complements of each other\n&*aPtr = %p\n*&aPtr = %p\n", &*aPtr, *&aPtr);    scanf("%d", &stopFlag);}
     

运行结果：

按值传递：

#pragma once#include 
     
      int cubeByValue(int n);int main(void){    int stopFlag = 0;    int number = 5;    printf("The original value of number is %d", number);    number = cubeByValue(number);    printf("\nThe new value of number is %d", number);    scanf("%d", &stopFlag);}int cubeByValue(int n){    return n * n * n;}
     

运行结果：

按引用传递：

#pragma once#include 
     
      void cubeByReference(int *nPtr);int main(void){    int stopFlag = 0;    int number = 5;    printf("The original value of number is %d", number);    cubeByReference(&number);    printf("\nThe new value of number is %d", number);    scanf("%d", &stopFlag);}void cubeByReference(int *nPtr){    *nPtr = *nPtr * *nPtr * *nPtr;}
     

运行结果：

最小权限原则(const限定符)：

#1 指向非常量数据的非常量指针：

/*    using a non-constant pointer to non-constant data*/#pragma once#include 
     
      #include 
      
       void convertToUppercase(char *sPtr);int main(void){    int stopFlag = 0;    char string[] = "characters and $32.98";    printf("The string before conversion is: %s", string);    convertToUppercase(string);    printf("\nThe string after conversion is: %s", string);    scanf("%d", &stopFlag);}void convertToUppercase(char *sPtr){    while(*sPtr != '\0'){        if (islower(*sPtr)){            *sPtr = toupper(*sPtr);        }        ++sPtr;    }}
      
     

运行结果：

 

#2 指向常量数据的非常量指针：

/*using a non-constant pointer to constant data*/#pragma once#include 
     
      #include 
      
       void printCharacters(const char *sPtr);int main(void){    int stopFlag = 0;    char text[] = "print characters of a string";    printf("The string is:\n");    printCharacters(text);    printf("\n");    scanf("%d", &stopFlag);}/*sPtr is a "read-only" pointer, cannot modify the character to which it points*/void printCharacters(const char *sPtr){    for (; *sPtr != '\0'; sPtr++){        printf("%c", *sPtr);    }}
      
     

运行结果：

#3 指向常量数据的非常量指针（企图修改数据）：

#4 指向非常量数据的常量指针

/*using a constant pointer to non-constant data*/#pragma once#include 
     
      int main(void){    int stopFlag = 0;    int x = 0;    int y = 0;    int* const ptr = &x;    printf("The original value of x is: %d", *ptr);    x = 5;    printf("\nThe new value of x is: %d", *ptr);    scanf("%d", &stopFlag);}
     

运行结果：

#5 指向非常量数据的常量指针（企图修改指针）：

#6 指向非常量数据的非常量指针（企图修改数据和指针）：